Experiment
No.3
Objective:
Apparatus:
Crank, Connecting rod, Block, Slider
Theory:
Quick-Return mechanim:
A quick return
mechanism such as the one seen below is used where there is a need to convert rotary motion into reciprocating motion.
As the disc rotates the block slide moves forwards and backwards. Many machines
have this type of mechanism and in the school workshop the best example is the
shaping machine.
Parts:
The
principal parts of slider are as follows:
·
Crank:
In mechanical engineering, a bent
portion of an axle, or
shaft, or an arm keyed at right angles to the engd
of a shaft,by which motion is imparted to or received from it.
·
Crank
Pin: in a reciprocating engine, the crank
pins, also known as crank journals are the journals of the big end bearings, at
the ends of the connecting rods opposite to the pistons.
·
Connecting
Rod: In a reciprocating piston engine, the
connecting rod or condor connects te piston to the crank or crankshaft.
Together with the crank, they form a simple mechanism that converts linear
motion into rotating motion and vice versa.
·
Guide
Frame: A frame held rigidly in place by roof
jacks or timbers, with provisions for attaching a shaker conveyor pan line to
the movable portion of the frame; prevents jumping or side movement of the pan line.
·
Slider
or Sliding Block: In reciprocating engine, the slider
is actual the piston that moves in the cylinder.
·
Wrist
Pin: In internal combustion engines, the
gudge on pin or wrist pin is that which connects the piston to the connect rod
and provides a bearing for the connecting rod to pivot upon as piston moves.
·
Crank
Shaft: The crankshaft, sometimes causually
abbreviated to crank, is the part of an engine that translates reciprocating
linear pista motion into rotation.
Simple
Harmonic Motion:
In mechanics and physics, simple harmonic motion is
a type of periodic motion where the restoring force is directly proportional to
the displacement. It can serve as a mathematical modal of a variety of motion,
such as the oscillation of a spring. In addition, other phenomena can be
approximated by simple harmonic motion, including the motion of a simple
pendulum as well as molecular vibration. Simple harmonic motion is typified by
the motion of a mass on a spring. When it is subject to the linear elastic
restoring force given by hook’s Law. The motion is sinusoidal in time and
demonmonst a single resonat frequency.
Procedure:
In this mechanism, there is a block, a link wire and
a connecting rod. The connecting rod connect the crank to the block. If the
crank moves, the block also moves. The motion of the block is like a piston
which moves upward and downward. The quick return mechanism is a bit different
from the slider crank mechanism. In this method the slider does not completes
its movement in the slider area.
Application:
Its major application is in shaper machine, where
cutting is done at some specified angle.
A shaper is a type of machine tool that uses linear
relative motion between the workpiece and a single-point cutting tool to
machine a linear toolpath. Its cut is analogous to that of a lathe, except that
it is (archetypally) linear instead of helical. (Adding axes of motion can
yield helical toolpaths, as also done in helical planning.) A shaper is
analogous to a planer, but smaller, and with the cutter riding a ram that moves
above a stationary workpiece, rather
than the entire workpiece moving beneth the cutter. The ram is moved back and
forth typically by a crank inside the column; hydraulically actuated shaper
also exist.
Table:
Crank position angle(degree)
|
Linear position
|
Graph:
Conclusion:
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2 Comments
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